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APT3

APT3 is a China-based threat group that researchers have attributed to China's Ministry of State Security.[1][2] This group is responsible for the campaigns known as Operation Clandestine Fox, Operation Clandestine Wolf, and Operation Double Tap.[1][3] As of June 2015, the group appears to have shifted from targeting primarily US victims to primarily political organizations in Hong Kong.[4]

In 2017, MITRE developed an APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan.[5]

ID: G0022
ⓘ
Associated Groups: Gothic Panda, Pirpi, UPS Team, Buckeye, Threat Group-0110, TG-0110
Contributors: Patrick Sungbahadoor
Version: 1.4
Created: 31 May 2017
Last Modified: 01 October 2021

Associated Group Descriptions

Name Description
Gothic Panda

[6] [2] [4]
Pirpi

[6]
UPS Team

[1] [2] [4]
Buckeye

[4]
Threat Group-0110

[2] [4]
TG-0110

[2] [4]
Enterprise Layer
download view

Techniques Used

Domain ID Name Use
Enterprise T1087 .001 Account Discovery: Local Account

APT3 has used a tool that can obtain info about local and global group users, power users, and administrators.[4]
Enterprise T1098 Account Manipulation

APT3 has been known to add created accounts to local admin groups to maintain elevated access.[7]
Enterprise T1560 .001 Archive Collected Data: Archive via Utility

APT3 has used tools to compress data before exfilling it.[7]
Enterprise T1547 .001 Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder

APT3 places scripts in the startup folder for persistence.[3]
Enterprise T1110 .002 Brute Force: Password Cracking

APT3 has been known to brute force password hashes to be able to leverage plain text credentials.[5]
Enterprise T1059 .001 Command and Scripting Interpreter: PowerShell

APT3 has used PowerShell on victim systems to download and run payloads after exploitation.[3]
.003 Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell

An APT3 downloader uses the Windows command "cmd.exe" /C whoami. The group also uses a tool to execute commands on remote computers.[3][4]
Enterprise T1136 .001 Create Account: Local Account

APT3 has been known to create or enable accounts, such as support_388945a0.[7]
Enterprise T1543 .003 Create or Modify System Process: Windows Service

APT3 has a tool that creates a new service for persistence.[3]
Enterprise T1555 .003 Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers

APT3 has used tools to dump passwords from browsers.[4]
Enterprise T1005 Data from Local System

APT3 will identify Microsoft Office documents on the victim's computer.[7]
Enterprise T1074 .001 Data Staged: Local Data Staging

APT3 has been known to stage files for exfiltration in a single location.[7]
Enterprise T1546 .008 Event Triggered Execution: Accessibility Features

APT3 replaces the Sticky Keys binary C:\Windows\System32\sethc.exe for persistence.[7]
Enterprise T1041 Exfiltration Over C2 Channel

APT3 has a tool that exfiltrates data over the C2 channel.[8]
Enterprise T1203 Exploitation for Client Execution

APT3 has exploited the Adobe Flash Player vulnerability CVE-2015-3113 and Internet Explorer vulnerability CVE-2014-1776.[1][8]
Enterprise T1083 File and Directory Discovery

APT3 has a tool that looks for files and directories on the local file system.[8][9]
Enterprise T1564 .003 Hide Artifacts: Hidden Window

APT3 has been known to use -WindowStyle Hidden to conceal PowerShell windows.[3]
Enterprise T1574 .002 Hijack Execution Flow: DLL Side-Loading

APT3 has been known to side load DLLs with a valid version of Chrome with one of their tools.[8][10]
Enterprise T1070 .004 Indicator Removal on Host: File Deletion

APT3 has a tool that can delete files.[8]
Enterprise T1105 Ingress Tool Transfer

APT3 has a tool that can copy files to remote machines.[8]
Enterprise T1056 .001 Input Capture: Keylogging

APT3 has used a keylogging tool that records keystrokes in encrypted files.[4]
Enterprise T1104 Multi-Stage Channels

An APT3 downloader first establishes a SOCKS5 connection to 192.157.198[.]103 using TCP port 1913; once the server response is verified, it then requests a connection to 192.184.60[.]229 on TCP port 81.[3]
Enterprise T1095 Non-Application Layer Protocol

An APT3 downloader establishes SOCKS5 connections for its initial C2.[3]
Enterprise T1027 Obfuscated Files or Information

APT3 obfuscates files or information to help evade defensive measures.[4]
.002 Software Packing

APT3 has been known to pack their tools.[5][1]

.005 Indicator Removal from Tools

APT3 has been known to remove indicators of compromise from tools.[5]
Enterprise T1003 .001 OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory

APT3 has used a tool to dump credentials by injecting itself into lsass.exe and triggering with the argument "dig."[4]
Enterprise T1069 Permission Groups Discovery

APT3 has a tool that can enumerate the permissions associated with Windows groups.[4]
Enterprise T1566 .002 Phishing: Spearphishing Link

APT3 has sent spearphishing emails containing malicious links.[1]
Enterprise T1057 Process Discovery

APT3 has a tool that can list out currently running processes.[8][9]
Enterprise T1090 .002 Proxy: External Proxy

An APT3 downloader establishes SOCKS5 connections for its initial C2.[3]
Enterprise T1021 .001 Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol

APT3 enables the Remote Desktop Protocol for persistence.[7] APT3 has also interacted with compromised systems to browse and copy files through RDP sessions.[11]
.002 Remote Services: SMB/Windows Admin Shares

APT3 will copy files over to Windows Admin Shares (like ADMIN$) as part of lateral movement.[4]
Enterprise T1018 Remote System Discovery

APT3 has a tool that can detect the existence of remote systems.[4][8]
Enterprise T1053 .005 Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task

An APT3 downloader creates persistence by creating the following scheduled task: schtasks /create /tn "mysc" /tr C:\Users\Public\test.exe /sc ONLOGON /ru "System".[3]
Enterprise T1218 .011 Signed Binary Proxy Execution: Rundll32

APT3 has a tool that can run DLLs.[8]
Enterprise T1082 System Information Discovery

APT3 has a tool that can obtain information about the local system.[4][9]
Enterprise T1016 System Network Configuration Discovery

A keylogging tool used by APT3 gathers network information from the victim, including the MAC address, IP address, WINS, DHCP server, and gateway.[4][9]
Enterprise T1049 System Network Connections Discovery

APT3 has a tool that can enumerate current network connections.[4][8][9]
Enterprise T1033 System Owner/User Discovery

An APT3 downloader uses the Windows command "cmd.exe" /C whoami to verify that it is running with the elevated privileges of "System."[3]
Enterprise T1552 .001 Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files

APT3 has a tool that can locate credentials in files on the file system such as those from Firefox or Chrome.[4]
Enterprise T1204 .001 User Execution: Malicious Link

APT3 has lured victims into clicking malicious links delivered through spearphishing.[1]
Enterprise T1078 .002 Valid Accounts: Domain Accounts

APT3 leverages valid accounts after gaining credentials for use within the victim domain.[4]

Software

ID Name References Techniques
S0349 LaZagne [4] Credentials from Password Stores, Credentials from Password Stores: Credentials from Web Browsers, Credentials from Password Stores: Keychain, Credentials from Password Stores: Windows Credential Manager, OS Credential Dumping: LSASS Memory, OS Credential Dumping: LSA Secrets, OS Credential Dumping: Cached Domain Credentials, OS Credential Dumping: Proc Filesystem, OS Credential Dumping: /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow, Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files
S0165 OSInfo [4] Account Discovery: Domain Account, Account Discovery: Local Account, Network Share Discovery, Permission Groups Discovery: Local Groups, Permission Groups Discovery: Domain Groups, Query Registry, Remote System Discovery, System Information Discovery, System Network Configuration Discovery, System Network Connections Discovery
S0013 PlugX [10] Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols, Application Layer Protocol: DNS, Boot or Logon Autostart Execution: Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder, Command and Scripting Interpreter: Windows Command Shell, Commonly Used Port, Create or Modify System Process: Windows Service, Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information, File and Directory Discovery, Hijack Execution Flow: DLL Side-Loading, Ingress Tool Transfer, Input Capture: Keylogging, Masquerading: Masquerade Task or Service, Modify Registry, Multiband Communication, Native API, Network Share Discovery, Non-Application Layer Protocol, Process Discovery, Query Registry, Screen Capture, System Network Connections Discovery, Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution: MSBuild, Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion: System Checks, Web Service: Dead Drop Resolver
S0166 RemoteCMD [4] Ingress Tool Transfer, Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task, System Services: Service Execution
S0111 schtasks [3] Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task
S0063 SHOTPUT [1] Account Discovery: Local Account, File and Directory Discovery, Obfuscated Files or Information, Process Discovery, Remote System Discovery, System Network Connections Discovery

References

  1. Eng, E., Caselden, D.. (2015, June 23). Operation Clandestine Wolf – Adobe Flash Zero-Day in APT3 Phishing Campaign. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  2. Insikt Group (Recorded Future). (2017, May 17). Recorded Future Research Concludes Chinese Ministry of State Security Behind APT3. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
  3. Moran, N., et al. (2014, November 21). Operation Double Tap. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  4. Symantec Security Response. (2016, September 6). Buckeye cyberespionage group shifts gaze from US to Hong Kong. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  5. Korban, C, et al. (2017, September). APT3 Adversary Emulation Plan. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
  6. Lancaster, T. (2015, July 25). A tale of Pirpi, Scanbox & CVE-2015-3113. Retrieved March 30, 2016.
  1. valsmith. (2012, September 21). More on APTSim. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  2. Chen, X., Scott, M., Caselden, D.. (2014, April 26). New Zero-Day Exploit targeting Internet Explorer Versions 9 through 11 Identified in Targeted Attacks. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  3. Yates, M. (2017, June 18). APT3 Uncovered: The code evolution of Pirpi. Retrieved September 28, 2017.
  4. Scott, M.. (2014, June 10). Clandestine Fox, Part Deux. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  5. Glyer, C. (2018, April 14). @cglyer Status Update. Retrieved October 11, 2018.